В средней полосе пик заболеваемости от укусов клещей приходится на май–июнь, когда жара еще не зашкаливает, и на конец августа-начало сентября, когда жара спадает, а люди отправляются по грибы. Клещи живут и в лесу, и в городских парках, и на дачных участках.
Если вы живете в регионе, эндемичном по вирусному клещевому энцефалиту, или собираетесь туда на отдых, сделать прививку необходимо. Плановую первую прививку обычно делают в конце зимы, вторую — через 1–3 месяца.
Если Вы не сделали прививку по разным причинам, то можно применять репелленты. Они просто отпугивают клещей — и наносить их можно на открытые участки тела. Применяют и акарицидные средства, наносить их можно только на одежду.
Когда Вы идете в лес, то надевайте рубашку с длинными рукавами с манжетами, брюки плотно заправляйте в обувь, обязательно укройте голову. Чем меньше открытых участков тела, тем лучше. Одежда должна быть светлых тонов, на ней клещи более заметны. Самые «лакомые» части тела для паразита — это области за ушами, паховая и подколенная складки, живот и подмышки.
Как правильно вытащить клеща?
Сейчас полно специальных приспособлений для этого, например, ручки-лассо или клещ-отвертка, которыми вытащить клеща достаточно просто, их стоит держать в домашней аптечке (продаются они в ветеринарных магазинах). Если вы не уверены, что справитесь сами, лучше обратиться в медицинскую организацию. Чем раньше, тем лучше.
Если же клещ был инфицирован, симптомы заболевания проявляются, как правило, через 10-14 дней от момента присасывания, но могут возникнуть и намного позже. Чем больше времени прошло от укуса, тем труднее соотнести повышение температуры, лихорадку и головную боль с прогулкой в лесу. Иногда только при лабораторном анализе, который показывает антитела к клещевому энцефалиту или иксодовому клещевому боррелиозу, становится ясно, что человека укусил клещ.
Берегите свое здоровье, обращайтесь своевременно за медицинской помощью !
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